Joseph Farquharson, Scottish painter, 1903
Oil on canvas, 82 cm × 120 cm, (32 in × 47 in)
Private collection
Source
Joseph Farquharson, Scottish painter, 1903
Oil on canvas, 82 cm × 120 cm, (32 in × 47 in)
Private collection
Source
- Great Britain
- Painting
- Selected
- XX
Imperial Library in the Hofburg palace in Vienna, Austria
18th century
Imperial Library in the Hofburg palace in Vienna, Austria
18th century
- Architecture
- Austria
- Selected
- XVIII
From the Capitoline Museums, at the Getty Villa. Greek, 325–300 B.C., Restored in Rome in 1594. To [...]
Source
From the Capitoline Museums, at the Getty Villa. Greek, 325–300 B.C., Restored in Rome in 1594. To judge from the subject matter and style, the animal group was probably made in northern Greece or Asia Minor (present-day Turkey) following Alexander the Great's conquest of the Persian Empire. Much admired by Michelangelo Buonarroti (Italian, 1475–1564), who pronounced it 'most marvelous'.
Source
- BC
- Greek
- Sculptures
- Selected
Carl Frithjof Smith, 1892
Oil on canvas
136 cm x 183 cm
Civico Museo Revoltella, Trieste
Source
Carl Frithjof Smith, 1892
Oil on canvas
136 cm x 183 cm
Civico Museo Revoltella, Trieste
Source
- Norway
- Painting
- Selected
- XIX
This sculpture has been excavated in the remains of public baths originally constructed under the em [...]
Source
This sculpture has been excavated in the remains of public baths originally constructed under the emperor Nero in A.D. 62, which were located in the vicinity of the Pantheon. Restorations made during the early 17th century.
Source
- I
- Roman
- Sculptures
- Selected
- Thumb_CenterImage
Sculpted in 1125-1130. It represents the miracle of Pentecost.
The scene is surrounded by eight com [...]
Source
Sculpted in 1125-1130. It represents the miracle of Pentecost.
The scene is surrounded by eight compartments with saints and people form the world.
The two arch represents the signs of the zodiac and the works of the months.
Vézelay, France
Source
- France
- Sculptures
- XII
Basilica of Sainte-Marie-Madeleine in Vézelay, France, with its complicated program of imagery in s [...]
Source
Basilica of Sainte-Marie-Madeleine in Vézelay, France, with its complicated program of imagery in sculpted capitals and portals, is one of the outstanding masterpieces of Burgundian Romanesque art and architecture. Sacked by the Huguenots in 1569, the building suffered neglect in the 17th and the 18th centuries and some further damage during the period of the French Revolution. The romanesque choir was dedicated in 1104 but destroyed by a fire in 1120. The new nave was achieved in 1140, then the gothic choir and transept were built from 1165 to 1190.
Source
- Architecture
- France
- XII
Robert Doisneau, french photographer. This photography was taken as part of a work from Robert Doisn [...]
Source
Robert Doisneau, french photographer. This photography was taken as part of a work from Robert Doisneau for the newspaper Life about the theme of love in Paris during summer.
Source
- France
- Photo
- XX
Sir Walter Scott (1771 - 1832), novelist and poet who dealt with Scottish themes. He had a major inf [...]
Source
Sir Walter Scott (1771 - 1832), novelist and poet who dealt with Scottish themes. He had a major influence on how Scots see their own past and on how Scotland is viewed from outside.
Painted by Sir Henry Raeburn in 1822
Oil on canvas
76.20 x 63.50 cm
- Great Britain
- Writer
- XIX
Painted by John Knox
Oil on canvas
90.00 x 125.00 cm. Knox captured the sweeping grandeur and maje [...]
Source
Painted by John Knox
Oil on canvas
90.00 x 125.00 cm. Knox captured the sweeping grandeur and majestic beauty of the Trossachs and Loch Katrine, as described by Sir Walter Scott in his poem 'The Lady of the Lake'. In the left foreground, visitors, welcomed by a piper, wait to board a ferry to Ellen's Isle, named after Scott's heroine.
Source
- Great Britain
- Painting
- XIX
Certosa Monumental Cemetery, Pietro Magenta's grave, Bologna, Italia.
Pietro Magenta (1807-1862), [...]
Source
Certosa Monumental Cemetery, Pietro Magenta's grave, Bologna, Italia.
Pietro Magenta (1807-1862), a politician with a brilliant career and a friend of Cavour, was appointed Prefect of Bologna in 1861 with the task of solving the serious problems of crime that plagued the city. In a short time he managed to restore security and order, winning the affection and esteem of all.
Source
- Italia
- Sculptures
- Thumb_TopImage
- XIX
James Collinson (1825 – 1881)
Oil on Canvas
29 x 24.5 cm
James Collinson was a Victorian pai [...]
Source
James Collinson (1825 – 1881)
Oil on Canvas
29 x 24.5 cm
James Collinson was a Victorian painter who was a member of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood from 1848 to 1850. This is one of a number of related paintings by Collinson which have oval formats and show the half-length figure of the girl occupying the centre of the composition. It is possible that the first in the series was the painting For Sale (Castle Museum, Nottingham), which Collinson showed at the 1857 Royal Academy and which was included in the exhibition Great Victorian Pictures (Arts Council, 1978, no.5).
Source
- Great Britain
- Painting
- XIX
James Archer, Scottish
Oil on canvas
76.40 x 106.00 cm
In 1862 this painting was selected for [...]
Source
James Archer, Scottish
Oil on canvas
76.40 x 106.00 cm
In 1862 this painting was selected for inclusion in the prestigious International Exhibition in London as an outstanding example of contemporary British art. Archer’s masterpiece had been launched at the Royal Scottish Academy in Edinburgh in 1860 and was recognised as a consummate achievement of Scottish Pre-Raphaelitism.
- Great Britain
- Painting
- XIX
Europe was not built on the looting of Africa's natural ressources
Over many decades, the dominant media have been spreading legends about how western countries’ prosperity is a consequence of Africa’s[...]
Rome’s Verano Monumental Cemetery
When and if a cemetery in Rome gets mentioned, it’s usually the Non-Catholic Cemetery, where Keats [...]
20 Handmade Dolls Tell the History of Fashion
This is the story of how a series of exquisite handmade dolls, representing the history of French ha [...]
The “Beau Monde” High Fashion of the 18th Century
On August 1, 1714, Queen Anne of Great Britain drew her last breath, and the first of a series of Ge [...]
The genetic causes, ethnic origins and history of red hair
Red hair is a recessive genetic trait caused by a series of mutations in the melanocortin 1 receptor [...]Pieter Bruegel the Elder, 1565
Brussels Period (1563-1569)
Series: Twelve Months
Location: Metropolitan Museum of Art (Met), New York City
Dimensions: 116.5 x 159.5 cm
Source
Pieter Bruegel the Elder, 1565
Brussels Period (1563-1569)
Series: Twelve Months
Location: Metropolitan Museum of Art (Met), New York City
Dimensions: 116.5 x 159.5 cm
Source
- Belgium
- Painting
- XVI
Imperial Library in the Hofburg palace in Vienna, Austria
18th century
Imperial Library in the Hofburg palace in Vienna, Austria
18th century
- Architecture
- Austria
- Selected
- XVIII
Sir Walter Scott (1771 - 1832), novelist and poet who dealt with Scottish themes. He had a major inf [...]
Source
Sir Walter Scott (1771 - 1832), novelist and poet who dealt with Scottish themes. He had a major influence on how Scots see their own past and on how Scotland is viewed from outside.
Painted by Sir Henry Raeburn in 1822
Oil on canvas
76.20 x 63.50 cm
- Great Britain
- Writer
- XIX
Sir Edward John Poynter, 1870
Private collection
Sir Edward John Poynter, 1870
Private collection
- Great Britain
- Painting
- XIX
Recolorized photo at 21th century
Recolorized version source: https://www.facebook.com/sannadullawa [...]
Recolorized photo at 21th century
Recolorized version source: https://www.facebook.com/sannadullaway
Original source: https://www.loc.gov/item/2016795537/
- Photo
- Recolorized
- XX
Glass factory of the mid-1800s.
Life in an early hand shop—ten hours a day, six days a week. It w [...]
Source
Glass factory of the mid-1800s.
Life in an early hand shop—ten hours a day, six days a week. It was not unusual for children to work in early bottle factories.of the bottle was being blown.
Source
- Photo
- Work
- XIX
Ambrogio Borghi, 1878
Source
Ambrogio Borghi, 1878
Source
- Sculptures
- Thumb_TopImage
- XIX
Ambrogio Borghi, 1878
Source
Ambrogio Borghi, 1878
Source
- Sculptures
- Thumb_CenterImage
- XIX
Marta Crawford, 2015
18x24 Charcoal on Paper
Source
Marta Crawford, 2015
18x24 Charcoal on Paper
Source
- Drawing
- XXI
Soap factory in Saint-Denis, early 20th century.
Source
Soap factory in Saint-Denis, early 20th century.
Source
- France
- Photo
- XIX
Paul-Albert Baudouin (1844 - 1931)
Oil on canvas
Petit Palais, Museum of Fine Arts of the City of [...]
Source
Paul-Albert Baudouin (1844 - 1931)
Oil on canvas
Petit Palais, Museum of Fine Arts of the City of Paris
Source
- France
- Painting
- XIX
Battle of Chios on 24 June 1770, painted by Ivan Aivazovsky in 1848
Source
Battle of Chios on 24 June 1770, painted by Ivan Aivazovsky in 1848
Source
- Painting
- Russia
- Thumb_CenterImage
- XIX
Jeremy Lipking, modern artist, born in 1975
Oil - 30 x 20
Source
Jeremy Lipking, modern artist, born in 1975
Oil - 30 x 20
Source
- Painting
- XXI
Sculpted in 1125-1130. It represents the miracle of Pentecost.
The scene is surrounded by eight com [...]
Source
Sculpted in 1125-1130. It represents the miracle of Pentecost.
The scene is surrounded by eight compartments with saints and people form the world.
The two arch represents the signs of the zodiac and the works of the months.
Vézelay, France
Source
- France
- Sculptures
- XII
Museo Pio Cristiano, The Vatican, Circa 300
Marble
Non-Christian art of the time also featured i [...]
Source
Museo Pio Cristiano, The Vatican, Circa 300
Marble
Non-Christian art of the time also featured images of shepherds, so scholars are not entirely certain that this statue was intended as a symbol of Christ's role as 'the good shepherd' (John 10:11-18).
Source
- Italia
- IV
- Sculptures
Jeremy Lipking, modern artist, born in 1975
Oil on Canvas
22 x 17 cm
Source
Jeremy Lipking, modern artist, born in 1975
Oil on Canvas
22 x 17 cm
Source
- Painting
- XXI
John William Waterhouse, 1903
John William Waterhouse, 1903
- Great Britain
- Painting
- XIX
Thomas Francis Dicksee, 1895
Source
Thomas Francis Dicksee, 1895
Source
- Great Britain
- Painting
- Thumb_CenterImage
- XIX
Nannie Coleson, looper who said she was 11 years old, and has been working in the Crescent Hosiery M [...]
Source
Nannie Coleson, looper who said she was 11 years old, and has been working in the Crescent Hosiery Mill for some months
Source
- Photo
- USA
- XX
Construction was started in 1885, and the building was inaugurated on the 1000th anniversary of the [...]
Source
Construction was started in 1885, and the building was inaugurated on the 1000th anniversary of the country in 1896.
Photography by Ludwig Favre.
Source
- Architecture
- Hungary
- XIX
Basilica of Sainte-Marie-Madeleine in Vézelay, France, with its complicated program of imagery in s [...]
Source
Basilica of Sainte-Marie-Madeleine in Vézelay, France, with its complicated program of imagery in sculpted capitals and portals, is one of the outstanding masterpieces of Burgundian Romanesque art and architecture. Sacked by the Huguenots in 1569, the building suffered neglect in the 17th and the 18th centuries and some further damage during the period of the French Revolution. The romanesque choir was dedicated in 1104 but destroyed by a fire in 1120. The new nave was achieved in 1140, then the gothic choir and transept were built from 1165 to 1190.
Source
- Architecture
- France
- XII
Filippo Lippi, 1450-1465
Tempera on panel
92 cm × 63.5 cm (36 in × 25.0 in)
Uffizi Gallery, Floren [...]
Source
Filippo Lippi, 1450-1465
Tempera on panel
92 cm × 63.5 cm (36 in × 25.0 in)
Uffizi Gallery, Florence
Source
- Italia
- Painting
- XV
La Joueuse de Tympanon is an automaton made in Germany by the watchmaker Pierre Kintzing and the cab [...]
Source
La Joueuse de Tympanon is an automaton made in Germany by the watchmaker Pierre Kintzing and the cabinetmaker David Roentgen for Queen Marie-Antoinette, in 1772. A hundred craftsmen representing 26 trades participated in its manufacture. The cabinetry for this piece is very much a neoclassical masterwork, and the mechanism behind it is truly extraordinary: the figure strikes the strings in perfect rhythm with two small metal hammers held in her hands, which move with great precision. The automaton is able to play eight different musics.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nITEU4fsqCU
- Craft
- Germany
- XVIII
Ancient Roman gilt bronze head of Antinous, set in an onyx and alabaster bust dated to before the mi [...]
Ancient Roman gilt bronze head of Antinous, set in an onyx and alabaster bust dated to before the mid 18th century. Currently located in the Galleria Estense in Modena, Italy.
- Italia
- Sculptures
- XVIII
Peleș Castleis a Neo-Renaissance castle in the Carpathian Mountains, near Sinaia, in Prahova County [...]
Source
Peleș Castleis a Neo-Renaissance castle in the Carpathian Mountains, near Sinaia, in Prahova County, Romania, on an existing medieval route linking Transylvania and Wallachia, built between 1873 and 1914. Its inauguration was held in 1883. It was constructed for King Carol I. Three architects designed the castle: Johannes Schultz, Carol Benesch, Karel Liman.
Source
- Architecture
- Romania
- XX
William-Adolphe Bouguereau, 1898
Private Collection
Source
William-Adolphe Bouguereau, 1898
Private Collection
Source
- France
- Painting
- Thumb_TopImage
- XIX
The bronze medallion carrying the bust of Athena, found in the excavation of the Dioikitiriou Square [...]
Source
The bronze medallion carrying the bust of Athena, found in the excavation of the Dioikitiriou Square in Thessaloniki, is a masterful example of late Hellenistic art (mid 2nd century BC.). This unique art object probably belonged to a prominent Macedonian partner or a member of the royal family.
- BC
- Greek
- Sculptures
Robert Duncan was born in Salt Lake City in 1952 and still painting today. He spent the summers help [...]
Source
Robert Duncan was born in Salt Lake City in 1952 and still painting today. He spent the summers helping his grandparents on their 10,000 acre cattle ranch in Wyoming. The Green River ran through their land from its source high in the Rocky Mountains. It was surrounded by beautiful open country and he fell in love with the rural lifestyle. He studied art at the University of Utah and had worked as a commercial artist before his full-time dedication to the fine art of the American West.
Source
- Painting
- Thumb_LeftImage
- USA
- XXI
The Pietà, 1498–1499, is a work of Renaissance sculpture by Michelangelo Buonarroti, housed in St [...]
Source
The Pietà, 1498–1499, is a work of Renaissance sculpture by Michelangelo Buonarroti, housed in St. Peter's Basilica, Vatican City. The statue was commissioned for the French Cardinal Jean de Bilhères, who was a representative in Rome. The sculpture, in Carrara marble, was made for the cardinal's funeral monument, but was moved to its current location, the first chapel on the right as one enters the basilica, in the 18th century. It is the only piece Michelangelo ever signed.
Source
- Italia
- Sculptures
- XV
Robert Duncan was born in Salt Lake City in 1952 and still painting today. He spent the summers help [...]
Source
Robert Duncan was born in Salt Lake City in 1952 and still painting today. He spent the summers helping his grandparents on their 10,000 acre cattle ranch in Wyoming. The Green River ran through their land from its source high in the Rocky Mountains. It was surrounded by beautiful open country and he fell in love with the rural lifestyle. He studied art at the University of Utah and had worked as a commercial artist before his full-time dedication to the fine art of the American West.
Source
- Painting
- USA
- XXI
Jeremy Lipking, modern artist, born in 1975
Oil on Canvas - 40 x 24
Source
Jeremy Lipking, modern artist, born in 1975
Oil on Canvas - 40 x 24
Source
- Painting
- Thumb_TopImage
- USA
- XXI
Jeremy Lipking, modern artist, born in 1975
Oil - 16 x 20
Source
Jeremy Lipking, modern artist, born in 1975
Oil - 16 x 20
Source
- Painting
- XXI
Thomas Francis Dicksee, 1873
Source
Thomas Francis Dicksee, 1873
Source
- Great Britain
- Painting
- XIX
John William Waterhouse,1896
Source
John William Waterhouse,1896
Source
- Great Britain
- Painting
- XIX
Albert Anker, 1886
Source
Albert Anker, 1886
Source
- Painting
- Switzerland
- Work
- XIX
Thomas Francis Dicksee, 1877
Thomas Francis Dicksee, 1877
- Great Britain
- Painting
- XIX
Walter Crane, 1905-1909
Oil on canvas
Hessisches Landesmuseum Darmstadt - Darmstadt, Germany
Source
Walter Crane, 1905-1909
Oil on canvas
Hessisches Landesmuseum Darmstadt - Darmstadt, Germany
Source
- Great Britain
- Painting
- XX
Caspar David Friedrich
Oil on canvas
110 cm × 171 cm
Alte Nationalgalerie, Berlin
The remains [...]
Source
Caspar David Friedrich
Oil on canvas
110 cm × 171 cm
Alte Nationalgalerie, Berlin
The remains of the abbey shows this old broken window with no remaining of glass. What is seen is that nature is forever there, while man’s creation is temporary.
Source
- Germany
- Painting
- XIX
Portrait of Baldassare Castiglione is a c. 1514–1515 oil painting attributed to the Italian High R [...]
Source
Portrait of Baldassare Castiglione is a c. 1514–1515 oil painting attributed to the Italian High Renaissance painter Raphael. Considered one of the great portraits of the Renaissance, it has an enduring influence. It depicts Raphael's friend, the diplomat and humanist Baldassare Castiglione, who is considered a quintessential example of the High Renaissance gentleman.
Source
- Italia
- Painting
- Thumb_TopImage
- XVI
Bolton Abbey in Wharfedale, North Yorkshire, England, takes its name from the ruins of the 12th-cent [...]
Source
Bolton Abbey in Wharfedale, North Yorkshire, England, takes its name from the ruins of the 12th-century Augustinian monastery now known as Bolton Priory.
Source
- Architecture
- Great Britain
- XII
Joseph Farquharson, Scottish painter, 1903
Oil on canvas, 82 cm × 120 cm, (32 in × 47 in)
Privat [...]
Source
Joseph Farquharson, Scottish painter, 1903
Oil on canvas, 82 cm × 120 cm, (32 in × 47 in)
Private collection
Source
- Great Britain
- Painting
- Selected
- XX
Anders Andersen-Lundby, 1882
Oil on Canvas.
30 x 45 inches / 76.2 x 114 cm
Anders Andersen-Lundby, 1882
Oil on Canvas.
30 x 45 inches / 76.2 x 114 cm
- Denmark
- Painting
- XIX
Between 1880-1914.
Between 1880-1914.
- Photo
- XIX
Eugène-Louis Lequesne, 1875
Opéra Garnier, Paris
Source
Eugène-Louis Lequesne, 1875
Opéra Garnier, Paris
Source
- France
- Sculptures
- XIX
Nimes, France.
Private Collection
Source
Nimes, France.
Private Collection
Source
- Photo
- XX
John Duncan, 1912
Tristan and Iseult is an influential romance story, retold in numerous sources wi [...]
John Duncan, 1912
Tristan and Iseult is an influential romance story, retold in numerous sources with as many variations since the 12th century.
- Painting
- XX
Claude Monet, 1875
National Gallery of Art , Washington, DC
Source
Claude Monet, 1875
National Gallery of Art , Washington, DC
Source
- Painting
- XIX
The Cathedral Basilica of Saint Cecilia is the most important Catholic building in Albi, France and is the seat of the Catholic Archbishop of Albi. First built as a fortress in the aftermath of the Albigensian Crusade; begun in 1282 and under construction for 200 years, it is claimed to be the largest brick building in the world.
Source
The Cathedral Basilica of Saint Cecilia is the most important Catholic building in Albi, France and is the seat of the Catholic Archbishop of Albi. First built as a fortress in the aftermath of the Albigensian Crusade; begun in 1282 and under construction for 200 years, it is claimed to be the largest brick building in the world.
Source
- Architecture
- France
- XV
Sorters of coal had to fill their basket with wasted coal they gather on the treadmills.
Those workers were called black noses.
Source
Sorters of coal had to fill their basket with wasted coal they gather on the treadmills.
Those workers were called black noses.
Source
- France
- Photo
- XIX
Filippo Brunelleschi is considered to be a founding father of Renaissance architecture. He is most f [...]
Source
Filippo Brunelleschi is considered to be a founding father of Renaissance architecture. He is most famous for designing the dome of the Florence Cathedral. He is also the first to use perspective in arts.
When the building was designed, no one had any idea how such a dome was to be built. It was to be even larger than the Pantheon's dome in Rome; no dome of that size had been built since antiquity. Brunelleschi invented new hoisting machines for raising the masonry needed for the dome.
- Inventor
- Italia
- XV
This sculpture has been excavated in the remains of public baths originally constructed under the em [...]
Source
This sculpture has been excavated in the remains of public baths originally constructed under the emperor Nero in A.D. 62, which were located in the vicinity of the Pantheon. Restorations made during the early 17th century.
Source
- I
- Roman
- Sculptures
- Selected
- Thumb_CenterImage
2nd century AD.
Colossal Roman statue.
Marble.
Naples, National Archaeological Museum
2nd century AD.
Colossal Roman statue.
Marble.
Naples, National Archaeological Museum
- II
- Sculptures
John Everett Millais, (1829 - 1896)
Watercolour
27.5 cm x 20.8 cm
Millais has depicted a scene [...]
Source
John Everett Millais, (1829 - 1896)
Watercolour
27.5 cm x 20.8 cm
Millais has depicted a scene from a poem by Keats in which the heroine perfoms an elaborate ritual in order to dream of her future husband. Millais has caught her at the moment when she is undressing, transfixed by the awe of this special night, the Eve of St Agnes. This watercolour is a version of the larger oil painting of the same subject exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1863, and now in the collection of the Queen Mother.
- Great Britain
- Painting
- XIX
James Archer, Scottish
Oil on canvas
76.40 x 106.00 cm
In 1862 this painting was selected for [...]
Source
James Archer, Scottish
Oil on canvas
76.40 x 106.00 cm
In 1862 this painting was selected for inclusion in the prestigious International Exhibition in London as an outstanding example of contemporary British art. Archer’s masterpiece had been launched at the Royal Scottish Academy in Edinburgh in 1860 and was recognised as a consummate achievement of Scottish Pre-Raphaelitism.
- Great Britain
- Painting
- XIX
Jeremy Lipking, modern artist, born in 1975
Oil on Canvas - 16 x 24
Source: https://lipking.com/co [...]
Jeremy Lipking, modern artist, born in 1975
Oil on Canvas - 16 x 24
Source: https://lipking.com/collections/94003#lg=1&slide=9
- Painting
- XXI
Marble statue of the crouching Venus type. It is a copy of a Hellenistic original by Doidalses of Bi [...]
Marble statue of the crouching Venus type. It is a copy of a Hellenistic original by Doidalses of Bithynia and dates from the Antonine period (from 96 CE to 192 CE). The statue itself is an ancient Roman copy of a Greek original by Doidalses of Bithynia. The Greek original dates from 250-240 BCE. Marble. 82 cm.
- BC
- Greek
- Roman
- Sculptures
The Church of Saint-Maclou is a Roman Catholic church in Rouen, France which is considered one of th [...]
Source
The Church of Saint-Maclou is a Roman Catholic church in Rouen, France which is considered one of the best examples of the Flamboyant style of Gothic architecture in France. Its spire reaches a height of 83 meters. The church was built from 1435 to 1521.
Source
- Architecture
- France
- XVI
John William Waterhouse, 1896
Source
John William Waterhouse, 1896
Source
- Great Britain
- Painting
- XIX
The Tailor is one of the better known portraits by Giovanni Battista Moroni. The artwork is a painti [...]
Source
The Tailor is one of the better known portraits by Giovanni Battista Moroni. The artwork is a painting on canvas, and it measures 74 cm wide x 97 cm tall. It was created between the years 1565 and 1570. Currently it is located in the National Gallery of London, in the United Kingdom.
Source
- Italia
- Painting
- Thumb_TopImage
- Work
- XVI
Two full-size Greek bronzes of naked bearded warriors, cast about 460–450 BC and found in the sea [...]
Source
Two full-size Greek bronzes of naked bearded warriors, cast about 460–450 BC and found in the sea off Calabria.
Source
- BC
- Greek
- Sculptures
Jeremy Lipking, modern artist, born in 1975
Oil on Canvas - 50 x 70
Source
Jeremy Lipking, modern artist, born in 1975
Oil on Canvas - 50 x 70
Source
- Painting
- XXI
Jeremy Lipking, modern artist, born in 1975
Oil on Canvas - 58 x 36
Source
Jeremy Lipking, modern artist, born in 1975
Oil on Canvas - 58 x 36
Source
- Painting
- Thumb_TopImage
- XXI
James Collinson (1825 – 1881)
Oil on Canvas
29 x 24.5 cm
James Collinson was a Victorian pai [...]
Source
James Collinson (1825 – 1881)
Oil on Canvas
29 x 24.5 cm
James Collinson was a Victorian painter who was a member of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood from 1848 to 1850. This is one of a number of related paintings by Collinson which have oval formats and show the half-length figure of the girl occupying the centre of the composition. It is possible that the first in the series was the painting For Sale (Castle Museum, Nottingham), which Collinson showed at the 1857 Royal Academy and which was included in the exhibition Great Victorian Pictures (Arts Council, 1978, no.5).
Source
- Great Britain
- Painting
- XIX
Anders Andersen-Lundby (1840-1923)
Source
Anders Andersen-Lundby (1840-1923)
Source
- Denmark
- Painting
- XIX
Certosa Monumental Cemetery, Pietro Magenta's grave, Bologna, Italia.
Pietro Magenta (1807-1862), a politician with a brilliant career and a friend of Cavour, was appointed Prefect of Bologna in 1861 with the task of solving the serious problems of crime that plagued the city. In a short time he managed to restore security and order, winning the affection and esteem of all.
Source
Certosa Monumental Cemetery, Pietro Magenta's grave, Bologna, Italia.
Pietro Magenta (1807-1862), a politician with a brilliant career and a friend of Cavour, was appointed Prefect of Bologna in 1861 with the task of solving the serious problems of crime that plagued the city. In a short time he managed to restore security and order, winning the affection and esteem of all.
Source
- Italia
- Sculptures
- Thumb_TopImage
- XIX
Jeremy Lipking, modern artist, born in 1975
Oil - 34 x 49
Source: https://lipking.com/collections/ [...]
Jeremy Lipking, modern artist, born in 1975
Oil - 34 x 49
Source: https://lipking.com/collections/93938#lg=1&slide=11
- Painting
- XXI
Robert Duncan was born in Salt Lake City in 1952 and still painting today. He spent the summers help [...]
Source
Robert Duncan was born in Salt Lake City in 1952 and still painting today. He spent the summers helping his grandparents on their 10,000 acre cattle ranch in Wyoming. The Green River ran through their land from its source high in the Rocky Mountains. It was surrounded by beautiful open country and he fell in love with the rural lifestyle. He studied art at the University of Utah and had worked as a commercial artist before his full-time dedication to the fine art of the American West.
Source
- Painting
- USA
- XXI
Gerald Moira, 1898
Source
Gerald Moira, 1898
Source
- Great Britain
- Painting
- Thumb_TopImage
- XIX
André RIXENS, 1887
Wendel's factories, Hayange.
Oil on canvas
Source
André RIXENS, 1887
Wendel's factories, Hayange.
Oil on canvas
Source
- France
- Painting
- XIX
Jeremy Lipking, modern artist, born in 1975
Oil on Canvas - 20 x 30
Source
Jeremy Lipking, modern artist, born in 1975
Oil on Canvas - 20 x 30
Source
- Painting
- XXI
Jeremy Lipking, modern artist, born in 1975
Oil - 20 x 16
Source
Jeremy Lipking, modern artist, born in 1975
Oil - 20 x 16
Source
- Painting
- XXI
Robert Duncan was born in Salt Lake City in 1952 and still painting today. He spent the summers help [...]
Source
Robert Duncan was born in Salt Lake City in 1952 and still painting today. He spent the summers helping his grandparents on their 10,000 acre cattle ranch in Wyoming. The Green River ran through their land from its source high in the Rocky Mountains. It was surrounded by beautiful open country and he fell in love with the rural lifestyle. He studied art at the University of Utah and had worked as a commercial artist before his full-time dedication to the fine art of the American West.
Source
- Painting
- USA
- XXI
A Studio at Les Batignolles is a painting by Henri Fantin-Latour created in 1870. The work portrays [...]
Source
A Studio at Les Batignolles is a painting by Henri Fantin-Latour created in 1870. The work portrays Édouard Manet sitting at his easel, with Zacharie Astruc sitting at his side, Otto Scholderer, Auguste Renoir, wearing a hat, Émile Zola, with glasses in hand, Edmond Maître, Frédéric Bazille, with tartan trousers, and Claude Monet. Musée d'Orsay.
Source
- France
- Painting
- XIX
Tapestries woven in Flanders from wool and silk, from designs drawn in Paris around 1500. It is cons [...]
Source
Tapestries woven in Flanders from wool and silk, from designs drawn in Paris around 1500. It is considered one of the greatest works of art of the Middle Ages in Europe.
Musée national du Moyen Âge.
Source
- Craft
- France
- XVI
L.J & cie, editor, Angoulème – Paris, Postal card. Wallace fountains are public water plants. Cha [...]
Source
L.J & cie, editor, Angoulème – Paris, Postal card. Wallace fountains are public water plants. Charles-Auguste LEBOURG was the sculptor and based his work on Wallace's drawings to turn those fountains into piece of art.
Source
- France
- Photo
- XX
Fondazione Fotografia presents the work of one of the greatest Italian artist in the early twentieth [...]
Source
Fondazione Fotografia presents the work of one of the greatest Italian artist in the early twentieth century: Domenico Ricardo Peretti Griva (1882-1926).
Source
- Italia
- Photo
- XX
Aberlemno, Angus, Scotland.
The west face is inscribed with a christian quadrilobate Celtic Cross. [...]
Source
Aberlemno, Angus, Scotland.
The west face is inscribed with a christian quadrilobate Celtic Cross. The cross bears several styles of Celtic pattern designs.
Until recently, it was thought to date to the mid-8th century, but subsequent analysis has suggested a mid-9th century date.
Source
- Great Britain
- IX
- Sculptures
Source: https://maxwellhalsted.uic.edu/home/urban-photographer/lewis-hine/
Source: https://maxwellhalsted.uic.edu/home/urban-photographer/lewis-hine/
- Photo
- Work
- XX
Painted by John Knox
Oil on canvas
90.00 x 125.00 cm. Knox captured the sweeping grandeur and maje [...]
Source
Painted by John Knox
Oil on canvas
90.00 x 125.00 cm. Knox captured the sweeping grandeur and majestic beauty of the Trossachs and Loch Katrine, as described by Sir Walter Scott in his poem 'The Lady of the Lake'. In the left foreground, visitors, welcomed by a piper, wait to board a ferry to Ellen's Isle, named after Scott's heroine.
Source
- Great Britain
- Painting
- XIX
George William Joy
Oil on canvas
172 x 120 cm
Museum of London since 1966
The genre painting depicts a scene inside a horse-drawn omnibus of the London General Omnibus Company. Joy borrowed a bus from the company while he was working on his painting. The early omnibus was a horse-drawn carriage drawn along a set route, picking up and dropping off passengers as it went. It was introduced in London on 4 July 1829 and soon became a popular form of transport catering mainly to the middle classes - the working classes would rarely be able to afford the fare, and upper classes could afford their own vehicle or to hire a hackney carriage. The typical London omnibus was an enclosed and glazed carriage with four wheels, drawn by one or two horses. Passengers could sit on benches to either side inside, entering via a door at the rear, or climb up to exposed seats on the roof. A driver would ride at the front of the carriage, with a conductor taking fares and assisting passengers to climb aboard and depart.
George William Joy
Oil on canvas
172 x 120 cm
Museum of London since 1966
The genre painting depicts a scene inside a horse-drawn omnibus of the London General Omnibus Company. Joy borrowed a bus from the company while he was working on his painting. The early omnibus was a horse-drawn carriage drawn along a set route, picking up and dropping off passengers as it went. It was introduced in London on 4 July 1829 and soon became a popular form of transport catering mainly to the middle classes - the working classes would rarely be able to afford the fare, and upper classes could afford their own vehicle or to hire a hackney carriage. The typical London omnibus was an enclosed and glazed carriage with four wheels, drawn by one or two horses. Passengers could sit on benches to either side inside, entering via a door at the rear, or climb up to exposed seats on the roof. A driver would ride at the front of the carriage, with a conductor taking fares and assisting passengers to climb aboard and depart.
- Great Britain
- Painting
- XIX
Joachim Wtewael, 1611
Oil on canvas painter by the Dutch Mannerist painter.
Since 1982 it has been in the collection of the Louvre in Paris.
Source
Joachim Wtewael, 1611
Oil on canvas painter by the Dutch Mannerist painter.
Since 1982 it has been in the collection of the Louvre in Paris.
Source
- Dutch
- Painting
- XVI
John Everett Millais, 1881
Andrew Lloyd Webber Collection
Source
John Everett Millais, 1881
Andrew Lloyd Webber Collection
Source
- Great Britain
- Painting
- XIX
John William Waterhouse, 1897
Oil on canvas
Source
John William Waterhouse, 1897
Oil on canvas
Source
- Great Britain
- Painting
- XIX
Sandro Botticelli (Firenze 1445 - 1510), 1485 ca.
The Uffizi Museum
Tempera on canvas, 172.5 x 278 [...]
Source
Sandro Botticelli (Firenze 1445 - 1510), 1485 ca.
The Uffizi Museum
Tempera on canvas, 172.5 x 278.5 cm
Known as the “Birth of Venus”, the composition actually shows the goddess of love and beauty arriving on land, on the island of Cyprus, born of the sea spray and blown there by the winds, Zephyr and, perhaps, Aura. The goddess is standing on a giant scallop shell, as pure and as perfect as a pearl. She is met by a young woman, who is sometimes identified as one of the Graces or as the Hora of spring, and who holds out a cloak covered in flowers.
Source
- Italia
- Painting
- XV
16th century
Agate hilt, silver hilt and sheath
16th century
Agate hilt, silver hilt and sheath
- Craft
- XVI
Carl Frithjof Smith, 1892
Oil on canvas
136 cm x 183 cm
Civico Museo Revoltella, Trieste
Source
Carl Frithjof Smith, 1892
Oil on canvas
136 cm x 183 cm
Civico Museo Revoltella, Trieste
Source
- Norway
- Painting
- Selected
- XIX
Eratosthenes of Cyrene was a Greek mathematician, geographer, astronomer. He invented the discipline [...]
Source
Eratosthenes of Cyrene was a Greek mathematician, geographer, astronomer. He invented the discipline of geography. He is best known for being the first person to calculate the circumference of the Earth. He was the first to calculate the tilt of the Earth's axis. His calculations were remarkably accurate. Additionally, he may have accurately calculated the distance from the Earth to the Sun and invented the leap day. He created the first map of the world, incorporating parallels and meridians. he also introduced an efficient method of identifying prime numbers.
Source
- BC
- Greek
- Inventor
Jusepe de Ribera (Spanish, 1591 - 1652)
oil on canvas
47 x 35,5 cm.
Source
Jusepe de Ribera (Spanish, 1591 - 1652)
oil on canvas
47 x 35,5 cm.
Source
- Painting
- Spain
- XVII
[https://terminales-ses.weebly.com/uploads/2/4/0/8/24082072/socialisme_en_allemagne_2.pdf]
[https://terminales-ses.weebly.com/uploads/2/4/0/8/24082072/socialisme_en_allemagne_2.pdf]
- Germany
- Photo
- XIX
French physicist best known for his demonstration of the Foucault pendulum, a device demonstrating t [...]
Source
French physicist best known for his demonstration of the Foucault pendulum, a device demonstrating the effect of the Earth's rotation. He also made an early measurement of the speed of light, discovered eddy currents, and is credited with naming the gyroscope.
Source
- Inventor
- Thumb_TopImage
Edward John Poynter, 1864
Private Collection
Source
Edward John Poynter, 1864
Private Collection
Source
- Great Britain
- Painting
- XIX
13th century, Hagia Sophia
Constantinople (Istanbul)
Source
13th century, Hagia Sophia
Constantinople (Istanbul)
Source
- Byzantine
- Mosaic
- XIII
Early 19th century
Source
Early 19th century
Source
- Photo
- Work
- XIX
Female funerary statue from Delos.
Marble, Roman copy of the 2nd century after an original of ca. 3 [...]
Source
.jpg){kind=link}
Female funerary statue from Delos.
Marble, Roman copy of the 2nd century after an original of ca. 300 BC.
Archaeological Museum, Athens.
Source
- BC
- Sculptures
Female funerary statue from Delos.
Marble, Roman copy of the 2nd century after an original of ca. 3 [...]
Source
Female funerary statue from Delos.
Marble, Roman copy of the 2nd century after an original of ca. 300 BC.
Archaeological Museum, Athens.
Source
- BC
- Sculptures
The Battle of Salamis was a decisive victory for outnumbered Greeks against Persian invasion forces in 480 BC. The Persian fleet was composed by 1000 ships and the greek fleet by 300. The Greeks lost 40 ships whereas the Persian lost 200 to 300 ships.
The battle was fought in the straits between the mainland and Salamis, an island in the Saronic Gulf near Athens, and marked the high-point of the second Persian invasion of Greece.
To block the Persian advance, a small force of Greeks blocked the pass of Thermopylae, while an Athenian-dominated Allied navy engaged the Persian fleet in the nearby straits of Artemisium. In the resulting Battle of Thermopylae, the rearguard of the Greek force was annihilated, whilst in the Battle of Artemisium the Greeks had heavy losses and retreated after the loss at Thermopylae. This allowed the Persians to conquer Phocis, Boeotia, Attica, and Euboea. The Allies prepared to defend the Isthmus of Corinth while the fleet was withdrawn to nearby Salamis Island.
Although heavily outnumbered, the Greek Allies were persuaded by the Athenian general Themistocles to bring the Persian fleet to battle again, in the hope that a victory would prevent naval operations against the Peloponnese. The Persian king Xerxes was also eager for a decisive battle. As a result of subterfuge on the part of Themistocles, the Persian navy rowed into the Straits of Salamis and tried to block both entrances. In the cramped conditions of the Straits, the great Persian numbers were an active hindrance, as ships struggled to maneuver and became disorganized. Seizing the opportunity, the Greek fleet formed in line and scored the victory.
The Battle of Salamis was a decisive victory for outnumbered Greeks against Persian invasion forces in 480 BC. The Persian fleet was composed by 1000 ships and the greek fleet by 300. The Greeks lost 40 ships whereas the Persian lost 200 to 300 ships.
The battle was fought in the straits between the mainland and Salamis, an island in the Saronic Gulf near Athens, and marked the high-point of the second Persian invasion of Greece.
To block the Persian advance, a small force of Greeks blocked the pass of Thermopylae, while an Athenian-dominated Allied navy engaged the Persian fleet in the nearby straits of Artemisium. In the resulting Battle of Thermopylae, the rearguard of the Greek force was annihilated, whilst in the Battle of Artemisium the Greeks had heavy losses and retreated after the loss at Thermopylae. This allowed the Persians to conquer Phocis, Boeotia, Attica, and Euboea. The Allies prepared to defend the Isthmus of Corinth while the fleet was withdrawn to nearby Salamis Island.
Although heavily outnumbered, the Greek Allies were persuaded by the Athenian general Themistocles to bring the Persian fleet to battle again, in the hope that a victory would prevent naval operations against the Peloponnese. The Persian king Xerxes was also eager for a decisive battle. As a result of subterfuge on the part of Themistocles, the Persian navy rowed into the Straits of Salamis and tried to block both entrances. In the cramped conditions of the Straits, the great Persian numbers were an active hindrance, as ships struggled to maneuver and became disorganized. Seizing the opportunity, the Greek fleet formed in line and scored the victory.
- Battle
- BC
- Greek
Verreries du Centre de Jumet
Rakow Library Chambon Collection
Source: https://www.cmog.org/article/breaking-glass-ceiling-women-working-glass
Verreries du Centre de Jumet
Rakow Library Chambon Collection
Source: https://www.cmog.org/article/breaking-glass-ceiling-women-working-glass
- Photo
- XX
In 1801, Lamarck took a great conceptual step and proposed a full-blown theory of evolution. Lamarck [...]
Source
In 1801, Lamarck took a great conceptual step and proposed a full-blown theory of evolution. Lamarck started his scientific career as a botanist, but in 1793 he became one of the founding professors of the Musee National d'Histoire Naturelle as an expert on invertebrates. His work on classifying worms, spiders, molluscs, and other boneless creatures was far ahead of his time. Lamarck fought in the Pomeranian War (1757–62) against Prussia, and was awarded a commission for bravery on the battlefield.
Source
- France
- Inventor
- XVIII
From a series of photographs of child labor at glass and bottle factories in the United States by Le [...]
Source
From a series of photographs of child labor at glass and bottle factories in the United States by Lewis W. Hine, for the National Child Labor Committee, New York. Restored by Michel Vuijlsteke.
Source
- Photo
- USA
- XX
Alfred Edward Emslie
Oil on canvas
68 x 102 cm
Private collection
The Fondation de l’Hermita [...]
Source
Alfred Edward Emslie
Oil on canvas
68 x 102 cm
Private collection
The Fondation de l’Hermitage is presenting a major exhibition on English painting of the Victorian period (1837-1901). A selection of nearly 60 works, most on show for the first time in Switzerland, illustrate the diversity and fascinating originality of 19th-century English art. The great upheavals of the Industrial Revolution are reflected in striking genre scenes depicting different facets of modern life in the Golden Age of the British Empire, from the expansion of cities and public transport to the emergence of the middle classes and homeworking.
- Great Britain
- Painting
- XIX
Jean-Baptiste Greuze, 1780
Source
Jean-Baptiste Greuze, 1780
Source
- France
- Painting
- XVIII
2nd Century
Marble
Roman sculpture
From: the “Villa di Cassio” near Tivoli, 1744.
Now: Vati [...]
2nd Century
Marble
Roman sculpture
From: the “Villa di Cassio” near Tivoli, 1744.
Now: Vatican Museums, Rome
Source: http://ancientrome.ru/art/artworken/img.htm?id=1263
- II
- Sculptures
- Thumb_TopImage
Robert Doisneau, french photographer. This photography was taken as part of a work from Robert Doisn [...]
Source
Robert Doisneau, french photographer. This photography was taken as part of a work from Robert Doisneau for the newspaper Life about the theme of love in Paris during summer.
Source
- France
- Photo
- XX
Lucien Victor Guirand de Scévola, 1900
Lucien Victor Guirand de Scévola, 1900
- France
- Painting
- XX
Jeremy Lipking, modern artist, born in 1975
Oil on Canvas - 30 x 40
Source: https://lipking.com/wo [...]
Jeremy Lipking, modern artist, born in 1975
Oil on Canvas - 30 x 40
Source: https://lipking.com/workszoom/2214823
- Painting
- XXI
Frank Cadogan Cowper was born in 1877 and studied at the RA Schools in his twenties. He enjoyed sign [...]
Source
Frank Cadogan Cowper was born in 1877 and studied at the RA Schools in his twenties. He enjoyed significant critical acclaim early on in his career, writing to his mother that both Vanity and another painting exhibited at the RA in 1907 were “a terrific success.” Combining allusions to both Renaissance and Pre-Raphaelite painting, Frank Cadogan Cowper’s Vanity celebrates beauty while cautioning against excessive self-regard.
Source
- Great Britain
- Painting
- Thumb_TopImage
- XX
Despair, le Désespoir, by Jean-Joseph Perraud, 1861
Source
Despair, le Désespoir, by Jean-Joseph Perraud, 1861
Source
- France
- Sculptures
- XIX
Paul Gustave Fischer, 1917
Source
Paul Gustave Fischer, 1917
Source
- Denmark
- Painting
- XX
Roberto Ferri, contemporary italian painter, born in 1978.
Source
Roberto Ferri, contemporary italian painter, born in 1978.
Source
- Italia
- Painting
- Thumb_LeftImage
- XXI
John William Waterhouse, 1888
Source
John William Waterhouse, 1888
Source
- Great Britain
- Painting
- XIX
A Carolingian-era equestrian statuette in bronze depicting either Charlemagne or his grandson Charle [...]
Source
A Carolingian-era equestrian statuette in bronze depicting either Charlemagne or his grandson Charles the Bald, a rare example of surviving Carolingian sculpture in metal, is exhibited in the Louvre Museum. 9th Century.
Source
- France
- IX
- Sculptures
- Thumb_TopImage
Ivan Kramskoi, 1883
Oil on canvas
75.5 cm × 99 cm
Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow, Russia
The model, whose identity is unknown, is a woman of "quiet strength and forthright gaze". It is one of Russia's best-known art works. The painting has been used as the cover for some editions of Leo Tolstoy's Anna Karenina. In 2008, Guggenheim curator Valerie Hillings observed that, "Many people just think she's sort of like Anna Karenina. She has that kind of special feel, that special Russianness".
Source
Ivan Kramskoi, 1883
Oil on canvas
75.5 cm × 99 cm
Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow, Russia
The model, whose identity is unknown, is a woman of "quiet strength and forthright gaze". It is one of Russia's best-known art works. The painting has been used as the cover for some editions of Leo Tolstoy's Anna Karenina. In 2008, Guggenheim curator Valerie Hillings observed that, "Many people just think she's sort of like Anna Karenina. She has that kind of special feel, that special Russianness".
Source
- Painting
- Russia
- XIX
Jeremy Lipking, modern artist, born in 1975
Oil - 40 x 24
Source
Jeremy Lipking, modern artist, born in 1975
Oil - 40 x 24
Source
- Painting
- XXI
From the Capitoline Museums, at the Getty Villa. Greek, 325–300 B.C., Restored in Rome in 1594. To [...]
Source
From the Capitoline Museums, at the Getty Villa. Greek, 325–300 B.C., Restored in Rome in 1594. To judge from the subject matter and style, the animal group was probably made in northern Greece or Asia Minor (present-day Turkey) following Alexander the Great's conquest of the Persian Empire. Much admired by Michelangelo Buonarroti (Italian, 1475–1564), who pronounced it 'most marvelous'.
Source
- BC
- Greek
- Sculptures
- Selected
Vladimir Volegov, Russian Contemporary Artist, June 2015
92x65 cm, oil on canvas
Source
Vladimir Volegov, Russian Contemporary Artist, June 2015
92x65 cm, oil on canvas
Source
- Painting
- Russia
- XXI
Mary Lizzie Macomber, 1894.
Mary Lizzie Macomber, 1894.
- Painting
- USA
- XIX
Postal card.
Postal card.
- Photo
- XX
Jeremy Lipking, modern artist, born in 1975
Oil on Canvas - 20 x 16
Source
Jeremy Lipking, modern artist, born in 1975
Oil on Canvas - 20 x 16
Source
- XXI
Made in the first century BC, the Borghese Vase attests to the flourishing art market generated at t [...]
Source
Made in the first century BC, the Borghese Vase attests to the flourishing art market generated at the end of the Hellenistic period by the taste of Roman society for lavish decoration for its villas and gardens. This monumental kylix, discovered in 1566 in the gardens of Sallust in Rome, was acquired - like the Borghese Gladiator and the Wounded Galatea (both in the Louvre) - by Napoleon Bonaparte.
Source
- BC
- Italia
- Sculptures
Jeremy Lipking, modern artist, born in 1975
Oil on Canvas - 40 x 40
Source
Jeremy Lipking, modern artist, born in 1975
Oil on Canvas - 40 x 40
Source
- Painting
- XXI
[https://www.scientificamerican.com/magazine/sa/1895/04-13/]
[https://www.scientificamerican.com/magazine/sa/1895/04-13/]
- USA
- XIX
- Architecture
- Austria
- Banner
- Battle
- BC
- Belgium
- Byzantine
- Craft
- Denmark
- Drawing
- Dutch
- European People History
- France
- Germany
- Great Britain
- Greek
- Hungary
- I
- II
- Invention
- Inventor
- Italia
- IV
- IX
- Mosaic
- Norway
- Painting
- Photo
- Post_EN
- Post_ES
- Post_FR
- Press
- Recolorized
- Roman
- Romania
- Russia
- Sculptures
- Selected
- Spain
- Switzerland
- Thumb_BottomImage
- Thumb_CenterImage
- Thumb_LeftImage
- Thumb_TopImage
- Uncategorized
- USA
- Visual
- Work
- Writer
- XI
- XII
- XIII
- XIX
- XV
- XVI
- XVII
- XVIII
- XX
- XXI